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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Updated: May 17, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Interweaving Covalent Organic Polymer Chains Into Two-Dimensional Networks: Synthesis, Single Crystal Structure, and

Lizhong He1,2, Tuoya Naren1,3, Lei Zhang1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel 2D woven covalent organic polymer (COP) network, CityU-46, using dative bonds. This molecularly woven material enhances lithium metal anode stability and performance in energy storage applications.

Keywords:
Covalent organic polymersDative N→B bondsLithium metal cellsSolid‐electrolyte interphase layerWeavingWoven polymer networks

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Macroscopic weaving is a long-established textile manufacturing technique.
  • Molecular weaving for creating complex structures with tailored properties is an emerging field.
  • Covalent organic polymers (COPs) offer tunable properties for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a 2D woven covalent organic polymer (COP) network.
  • To investigate the molecular topology and structural features of the synthesized COP.
  • To evaluate the potential of the COP as an artificial solid-electrolyte interphase for lithium metal batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a 2D woven COP network (CityU-46) using dative N→B bonds.
  • Utilizing 1,4-bis(benzodioxa-borole)benzene (BACT) and 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (BPT) as building blocks.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to determine the molecular topology.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated a 2D woven COP network, CityU-46.
  • The molecular structure exhibits a well-defined two-over and two-under interweaving pattern.
  • CityU-46 demonstrated efficacy as an artificial organic solid-electrolyte interphase layer on Li metal anodes.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel approach to molecular weaving for creating intricate COP structures.
  • The unique woven topology of CityU-46 contributes to its performance enhancement.
  • The developed COP shows significant promise for improving the stability and longevity of lithium metal batteries.