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Mortality in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Alexander T Plonkowski1,2, Priyanka Naidu2,3, Karel-Bart Celie2,3
1From the Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|May 5, 2025
Summary
Mortality in cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) patients is higher with comorbidities or in neonates. Further research is needed to understand factors contributing to CLP mortality.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Congenital anomalies
- Public health
Background:
- Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is a common global congenital anomaly.
- While morbidity is documented, CLP mortality rates across subgroups are understudied.
- Understanding CLP mortality is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze mortality rates in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP).
- To identify subgroups of CLP patients with increased mortality risk.
- To inform future research and clinical management strategies for CLP.
Main Methods:
- A meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
- Included studies reported mortality rates in liveborn CLP cohorts.
- Random-effects models were used for subgroup analysis.
Main Results:
- Mortality rates varied from 1.22% to 19.8% across 21 studies.
- Isolated cleft lip patients had lower mortality odds than CLP or isolated palate.
- Comorbidities significantly increased mortality odds (OR = 19.79).
- Neonates (0-28 days) exhibited the highest mortality rates.
Conclusions:
- CLP patients with comorbidities or younger age (<1 year) face higher mortality.
- Further studies are needed to stratify data by cleft phenotype and age.
- This research highlights critical factors influencing CLP mortality.
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