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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Updated: May 9, 2025

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model
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Does Advanced Osteoarthritis Mimic Neuropathic Joint?

Shubhranshu Shekhar Mohanty1, Ashraf Shaikh1, Ajinkya Desale1

  • 1King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra India.

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
|May 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Advanced osteoarthritis (OA) can present with neuropathic joint features, especially in patients with poor knee function. Accurate assessment is vital for effective management strategies in complex cases.

Keywords:
ArthroplastyKneeNeuropathic jointOsteoarthritisTotal Knee Arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease causing pain and functional decline, particularly in the elderly.
  • Radiographic findings in advanced OA do not always correlate with symptom severity.
  • Some advanced OA cases exhibit histopathological features similar to neuropathic joints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinicopathological and histopathological correlations between advanced OA and neuropathic joints.
  • To explore potential clinical similarities between these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 43 patients with advanced knee OA (Ahlbach grade IV+) undergoing total knee arthroplasty (2016-2020).
  • Clinical, radiological, and histopathological evaluations were conducted.
  • Functional Knee Society Score (KSS) and numerical rating scale (NRS) assessed severity; statistical analyses included univariate and binary logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Over half (53.49%) of advanced OA cases showed histopathological findings consistent with neuropathic joints.
  • Significant correlations were found between histopathology and KSS, Ahlbach grade, and NRS score (p < 0.01).
  • KSS (<40) and NRS score (<7) were significant predictors of neuropathic joint features (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Advanced knee OA can mimic neuropathic joint pathology, especially in patients with diminished knee function.
  • Distinguishing between primary OA and neuropathic joint pathology requires thorough assessment for precise management.
  • Findings suggest considering constrained prostheses and long stems for potentially improved outcomes in such cases.