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Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Neuroimaging-Driven Brain Age.

Han Chen1, Zhi Cao1,2, Jing Zhang1

  • 1School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.

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|May 5, 2025
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Engaging in moderate physical activity (PA) is linked to healthier brain aging, as measured by brain age gap (BAG). Both too little and too much PA negatively impact brain health, suggesting a U-shaped association.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomarkers
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Brain age, a neuroimaging biomarker, reflects brain aging and overall brain health.
  • The influence of physical activity (PA) intensity on brain age is not fully understood.
  • This study investigates the link between accelerometer-measured PA and brain age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between different intensities of physical activity (PA) and brain age gap (BAG).
  • To determine if PA levels influence the rate of brain aging.
  • To explore the mediating role of BAG in the relationship between PA and health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UK Biobank data from 16,972 participants with neuroimaging and accelerometer data.
  • Estimated brain age using Light Gradient-Boosting Machine (LightGBM) with feature selection from over 1,400 image-derived phenotypes (IDPs).
  • Analyzed nonlinear associations between light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous PA and BAG using generalized additive models.

Main Results:

  • The brain age prediction model showed good performance (r=0.81, MAE=3.65), improved with bias correction (r=0.90, MAE=3.03).
  • All PA intensities (LPA, MPA, VPA, MVPA) demonstrated a U-shaped relationship with BAG, indicating adverse effects from both insufficient and excessive activity.
  • Brain age gap (BAG) was found to partially mediate the relationship between PA and cognitive functions/brain disorders.

Conclusions:

  • A U-shaped association exists between objectively measured physical activity and brain age gap.
  • Optimal brain health is associated with engaging in moderate amounts of physical activity, regardless of intensity.
  • Findings suggest that physical activity influences brain aging and related health outcomes through brain age.