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Attributional style and the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern.

M J Strube

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |August 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Type A individuals, unlike Type B, display self-serving attributional styles for both positive and negative outcomes. This finding contrasts with the reformulated learned helplessness model, suggesting a self-esteem protection mechanism in Type A behavior.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Behavioral Science
    • Social Psychology

    Background:

    • Type A individuals are hypothesized to show greater performance deficits after uncontrollable events compared to Type B individuals.
    • The reformulated learned helplessness model predicts specific attributional patterns for negative and positive outcomes based on proneness to performance deficits.
    • An alternative self-esteem protection theory suggests self-serving attributions may explain learned helplessness findings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the attributional styles of Type A and Type B individuals.
    • To compare the attributional patterns of Type A and Type B individuals in relation to the reformulated learned helplessness model and self-esteem protection theory.

    Main Methods:

    • Two studies were conducted to examine the attributional styles of participants categorized as Type A or Type B.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Attributions for positive and negative outcomes were assessed for both groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Results indicated that Type A individuals exhibit more self-serving attributional styles than Type B individuals.
    • This self-serving bias was observed for both positive and negative outcomes in Type A individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Type A individuals demonstrate a self-serving attributional style, aligning with self-esteem protection explanations rather than the reformulated learned helplessness model.
    • Findings suggest that attributional style differences between Type A and Type B individuals are linked to self-esteem maintenance strategies.