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DNA barcoding of passerine birds in Iran
Sahar Javaheri Tehrani1,2, Elham Rezazadeh1,3, Niloofar Alaei Kakhki1,4
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany.
Zookeys
|May 5, 2025
Summary
DNA barcoding of Iranian passerine birds reveals significant genetic diversity and distinct populations. This study highlights the power of DNA barcoding for species delimitation and understanding avian biogeography in the region.
Area of Science:
- Ornithology
- Molecular Ecology
- Genetics
Background:
- Accurate species delimitation in passerine birds is challenging using traditional morphology alone.
- DNA barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene offers a robust method for avian species identification.
- Iran's unique geography makes it a critical region for studying avian biodiversity and biogeographic patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a comprehensive DNA barcode library for Iranian passerine birds.
- To assess genetic diversity and species boundaries within this avian group.
- To elucidate biogeographic patterns and evolutionary relationships.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 546 COI gene sequences from 94 passerine species in Iran.
- Calculation of intraspecific and interspecific genetic divergence.
- Phylogenetic analysis to infer evolutionary relationships and population structure.
Main Results:
- A significant barcode gap was observed, with low intraspecific (0.41%) and high interspecific (18.6%) divergence.
- Intraspecific variation was noted in the Persian nuthatch and Lesser whitethroat.
- Limited genetic differentiation was found between morphologically distinct European and grey-crowned goldfinches.
- Phylogenetic analyses revealed distinct east-west genetic splits in certain species, correlating with geographic barriers.
Conclusions:
- DNA barcoding is highly effective for resolving species boundaries and identifying Iranian passerine birds.
- The study highlights significant genetic variation and population structure influenced by Iran's zoogeographic boundaries.
- Synonymous mutations and purifying selection play a key role in shaping mitochondrial DNA diversity in these birds.
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