Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

CRISPR

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...

Population Growth

Population Growth

Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

Infertility in Females

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effects of pronatal policies on sexual and reproductive health services: a protocol for a scoping review.

BMJ open·2026

Same author

What About Well-Being? Measuring What We Really Care About in Sexual and Reproductive Health.

Studies in family planning·2025

Same author

Toward person-centred measures of contraceptive demand: a systematic review of the relationship between intentions to use and actual use of contraception.

Gates open research·2024

Same author

Hostilities faced by people on the frontlines of sexual and reproductive health and rights: a scoping review.

BMJ global health·2023

Same author

Hidden in plain sight: A systematic review of coercion and Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive methods (LARC).

PLOS global public health·2023

Same author

Considerations for social accountability in the expansion of self-care for sexual and reproductive health and rights.

Sexual and reproductive health matters·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Future-Proofing the ICPD PoA: Reproductive Rights in a Low-Fertility World.

Elizabeth Wilkins, Michael Herrmann, Victoria Boydell

Studies in Family Planning

|May 5, 2025

Summary

Declining fertility rates worldwide remain a concern. This commentary examines the relevance of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action (PoA) and proposes future-proofing strategies for low-fertility contexts.

More Related Videos

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Author Spotlight: Advancing Fertility Assessment with Z-Score-Based Follicle Density Evaluation in Cryopreserved Ovarian Tissue

Author Spotlight: Advancing Fertility Assessment with Z-Score-Based Follicle Density Evaluation in Cryopreserved Ovarian Tissue

Published on: October 25, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Author Spotlight: Advancing Fertility Assessment with Z-Score-Based Follicle Density Evaluation in Cryopreserved Ovarian Tissue

Author Spotlight: Advancing Fertility Assessment with Z-Score-Based Follicle Density Evaluation in Cryopreserved Ovarian Tissue

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

Demography
Public Health
Sociology

Background:

Global fertility rates are declining, presenting new demographic challenges.
The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action (PoA) remains a critical framework.
There is increasing opposition to sexual and reproductive health, rights, and gender equality.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze current low-fertility trends, patterns, and underlying determinants.
To assess the relevance of the ICPD PoA in the contemporary low-fertility landscape.
To identify strategies for adapting the ICPD PoA to future demographic shifts.

Main Methods:

This is a commentary, relying on synthesis of existing research and policy analysis.
Exploration of demographic data on fertility trends.
Review of the ICPD Programme of Action and related contemporary issues.

Main Results:

Low and declining fertility is a widespread global phenomenon with diverse drivers.
The principles of the ICPD PoA are challenged by recent pushback against SRHR and gender equality.
Adaptation of the ICPD PoA is necessary to address current and future low-fertility contexts effectively.

Conclusions:

The ICPD PoA's relevance endures but requires strategic updates for low-fertility settings.
Addressing challenges to sexual and reproductive health, rights, and gender equality is crucial.
Proactive measures are needed to ensure the ICPD PoA remains effective for the next 30 years.