Endophytic fungi-bioinspired nanoparticles potential to control infectious disease

The growing demand for nanomedicine and its potentially diverse biological function required the investigation of raw materials for fabricating the nanomaterial. Current developments have emphasized the implementation of green chemistry to develop metal-oxide and metal nanoparticles. Endophytic fungi have emerged as a potential reservoir of bioactive compounds exemplified by unique structures and influential antibacterial properties. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been achieved in uncovering and profiling these valuable antibacterial compounds. These endophytic fungi-derived bioactive chemicals have diverse applications in various biological properties. Nanoparticle synthesis from materials derived from endophytic fungi, be it whole extracts or pure components, owing to their accessibility, cost-effectiveness in fabrication, material-tissue compatibility, and modest cytotoxicity toward higher organism cells. Nanoparticles from endophytic fungi have been utilized to treat various diseases, including those caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. The present review provides a comprehensive discussion of the mechanistic insight into the synthesis and application of endophytic fungi-bioinspired nanoparticles as potential therapeutic agents to control microbial infection. The underlying action mechanism involved in the antimicrobial action of the nanoparticles has also been discussed. The discussion highlights various attributes of nanoparticles that may significantly benefit future researchers as potential therapeutic agents to control microbial infection.