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Development of respiratory allergic diseases according to cow's milk protein allergy mechanisms
Büşra Demirci1, Özge Yılmaz Topal2, İrem Turgay Yağmur2
1Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Division of Pediatric, Ankara, Turkey.
Insights
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infancy is common. This study found that CMPA patients had a significant risk of developing childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis, regardless of the allergy type.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Allergology
- Immunology
Background:
- Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most prevalent food allergy in early childhood.
- Limited data exists on the long-term development of respiratory allergies in infants diagnosed with CMPA.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence of respiratory allergic diseases in children with a history of CMPA.
- To analyze the relationship between the mechanism of CMPA and the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 301 patients diagnosed with CMPA within their first two years of life was studied.
- Patient data included sociodemographics, clinical history, and allergy markers.
- Respiratory allergy development was assessed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire.
Main Results:
- 27.9% of patients developed doctor-diagnosed asthma, and 31.2% developed allergic rhinitis.
- While IgE-mediated CMPA was associated with higher asthma rates and non-IgE-mediated CMPA with higher allergic rhinitis rates, these differences were not statistically significant.
- Maternal asthma, parental consanguinity, and family history of allergies were identified as risk factors.
Conclusions:
- A significant proportion of children with early-life CMPA develop asthma and allergic rhinitis.
- The underlying mechanism of CMPA did not significantly influence the development of these respiratory conditions.
- Family history and genetic factors play a role in the risk of developing allergic diseases.
Background:
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is early life's most common food allergy. There is limited data on the development of respiratory allergies in childhood for infants with CMPA.
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the development of respiratory allergic diseases in childhood according to the mechanism of CMPA in patients with CMPA in the first two years of life.
Methods:
Patients who were diagnosed with CMPA in the first two years of life and were over five years old during the study period were included in the study. The sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data of patients were recorded, and the status of respiratory allergic disease development in patients was assessed using the ISAAC questionnaire.
Results:
A total of 301 patients were included in the study; 182 (60.5%) were male. Most of the patients had mixed-type (87;28.9%) and had non-IgE-mediated (n:87;28.9%) CMPA. Of CMPA cases, 27.9% developed doctor-diagnosed asthma and 31.2% developed doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis. Doctor-diagnosed asthma was observed mostly with IgE-mediated CMPA (n:30;37%), and doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was observed mostly with non-IgE-mediated CMPA (n:32;36.8%), and these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.094, p = 0.385). Also, maternal asthma increased the risk of doctor-diagnosed asthma, while parental consanguinity, allergic rhinitis in mother/sibling, and paternal eczema were risk factors for doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis.
Conclusion:
In this study, 27.9% of patients with CMPA in the first two years of life developed doctor-diagnosed asthma, and 31.2% developed allergic rhinitis. There was no difference in the frequency of occurrence based on the mechanism of CMPA development.
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