[Patellar cartilage repair-current concepts and evidence]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
• Biomechanical Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine

Context:

• Patellar cartilage defects are prevalent and complex orthopedic issues.
• Unique patellar anatomy and biomechanics contribute to management challenges.
• Persistent instability or dysplasia necessitates bony and ligamentous procedures.

Purpose:

• To outline the management pathway for patellar cartilage defects.
• To emphasize the prerequisite of addressing patellar instability for effective cartilage restoration.
• To review current cartilage repair techniques and their outcomes.

Summary:

• Effective management of patellar cartilage defects hinges on correcting underlying biomechanical issues like instability and dysplasia.
• Surgical correction of patellar tracking and reduction of patellofemoral forces are crucial preconditions for cartilage restoration.
• A diverse range of cartilage repair techniques offers favorable clinical results, yet a universally superior method remains elusive.

Impact:

• Untreated patellar cartilage defects can lead to significant functional impairment and pain.
• Progression to end-stage patellofemoral osteoarthritis is a common consequence of neglected defects.
• Optimizing the treatment sequence, starting with biomechanical correction, is vital for improving patient outcomes and preventing osteoarthritis.