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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

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Causal association between smoke and the risk of chronic knee pain: A Mendelian randomization study.

Zhouliang Xu1, Ganlu Chen1, Daofen Xie1

  • 1Department of Pain Management, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Centre, Ningbo, China.

Medicine
|May 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Genetic predisposition to smoking causally increases knee pain risk. This Mendelian randomization study suggests smoking cessation interventions may benefit individuals at risk for knee pain.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationchronic paingenetic susceptibilityknee painsmoke

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Smoking is linked to knee pain, but the causal relationship is unclear.
  • Genetic factors influencing smoking behavior may impact knee pain risk.
  • Previous studies show a correlation, necessitating investigation into causality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal effect of genetically influenced smoking on knee pain risk.
  • To utilize Mendelian randomization to assess this genetic association.
  • To provide evidence for targeted smoking cessation interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Mendelian randomization study using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
  • Exposure: Ever smoked (dataset: ukb-b-20261). Outcome: Knee pain for 3+ months (dataset: ukb-b-8906).
  • Inverse-variance weighted method, with tests for pleiotropy and heterogeneity (MR-Egger, Cochran Q, leave-one-out).

Main Results:

  • A significant genetic causal effect of smoking on increased knee pain risk was found (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.01-1.16, P=0.014).
  • No significant heterogeneity (Cochran Q P=0.66) or pleiotropy (MR-Egger P=0.66, MR-PLE other P=0.53) was detected.
  • The findings support a genetic link between smoking predisposition and knee pain incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically predicted smoking behavior is causally associated with an elevated risk of knee pain.
  • The absence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity strengthens the validity of the findings.
  • Smoking cessation interventions may be crucial for individuals genetically predisposed to smoking and at risk for knee pain.