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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

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Exploring Patient Participation in AI-Supported Health Care: Qualitative Study.

Laura Arbelaez Ossa¹, Michael Rost¹, Nathalie Bont¹

¹Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

|May 5, 2025

Summary

Patients often feel AI in healthcare limits their participation. Understanding patient and AI professional views is key to ensuring AI supports, not hinders, patient-centered care.

Keywords:

AI AI-driven care AI-support, AI ethics artificial intelligence patient empowerment patient participation patients qualitative research responsible AI shared decision-making

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Area of Science:

Healthcare technology
Artificial intelligence in medicine
Patient engagement

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) integration in healthcare raises concerns about patient participation.
Ensuring patients remain active in shared decision-making with AI is a critical ethical challenge.
The design and implementation of AI significantly influence patient empowerment in healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore patient and medical AI professional perceptions of the patient's role in AI-supported care.
To identify factors influencing patient participation in AI-assisted healthcare settings.

Main Methods:

Qualitative study utilizing semistructured interviews with 21 patients and 21 medical AI professionals.
Reflexive thematic analysis applied to interview data.
Identification of key themes shaping patient participation in AI-supported care.

Main Results:

Patients perceive AI as an unavoidable, potentially detrimental force in healthcare.
Patients report feeling limited in their capacity to actively participate in AI-driven care.
Patient responses include deferring to experts or making acceptance/rejection judgments regarding AI.

Conclusions:

Preconceptions about AI influence both patient and professional views on patient participation.
Patients may internalize AI's complexity, viewing it as a barrier to their active involvement.
Passive recipient roles and lack of education risk undermining patient-centered care in AI-integrated settings.