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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram
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Demographic variation in pain across 22 countries.

Lucía Macchia1, Chukwuemeka N Okafor2, Thomas Breedlove3

  • 1School of Health and Medical Sciences, City St George's, University of London, London, UK. lucia.macchia@citystgeorges.ac.uk.

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Summary

Global pain prevalence varies significantly across countries and demographics. Older age, female gender, and lower education levels are associated with higher pain experiences, highlighting sociocultural pain factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Epidemiology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Sociocultural aspects of pain are increasingly recognized.
  • Global data on pain prevalence across diverse cultures and demographics remain limited.
  • Understanding cultural and demographic variations in pain is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate global variations in pain prevalence.
  • To examine how pain levels differ across countries and demographic groups.
  • To identify key demographic factors associated with pain across cultures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large, nationally representative dataset of 202,898 individuals from 22 countries.
  • Employed random effects meta-analysis to examine pain proportions.
  • Analyzed pain prevalence across demographic variables including age, gender, education, and religious attendance.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in pain prevalence observed across countries, with Egypt, Brazil, Australia, and Turkey reporting higher proportions.
  • Older age groups, women, widowed individuals, retired persons, those with lower education, and frequent religious service attendees reported higher pain levels.
  • No significant difference in pain prevalence was found based on immigration status.

Conclusions:

  • Pain prevalence exhibits substantial cross-national and demographic variation.
  • Findings provide foundational insights into the sociocultural determinants of pain.
  • Highlights the need for culturally sensitive approaches to pain management and research.