Designing 1,4-Dihydropyridines-Based Multitarget Therapeutics: Recent Advances and Future Directions

Area of Science:

• Medicinal Chemistry
• Pharmacology
• Drug Discovery

Background:

• 1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) are versatile scaffolds with demonstrated anticancer, cardiovascular, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic activities.
• Structural modifications significantly influence the binding affinity, bioavailability, and selectivity of 1,4-DHPs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the therapeutic potential of 1,4-DHPs by analyzing biological activities and structure-activity relationships (SAR).
• To provide insights into structural modifications for optimizing pharmacological efficacy of 1,4-DHPs.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Google Scholar (last decade).
• Inclusion of peer-reviewed studies on 1,4-DHP pharmacological properties, SAR, and therapeutic potential.
• Data extraction focused on SAR trends and the impact of structural modifications.

Main Results:

• Specific modifications in aromatic substituents, ester groups, and heterocyclic rings enhance 1,4-DHP biological activity and selectivity.
• 1,4-DHPs modulate key enzymes and receptors, acting as effective multitarget agents.
• Comparative SAR analysis supports the potential of 1,4-DHPs as next-generation therapeutics.

Conclusions:

• 1,4-DHPs represent a promising framework for developing drugs targeting complex, multifactorial diseases.
• Optimizing SAR allows for the design of more selective and potent 1,4-DHP-based drugs.
• Future research should focus on refining structural modifications to maximize therapeutic potential.