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Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
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The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it...
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The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
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The plasma drug concentration-time curve is a crucial tool in pharmacokinetics, representing the drug's concentration in plasma at different time intervals post-administration. This curve illustrates the drug's journey from absorption into the systemic circulation, distribution to body tissues, and eventual elimination through excretion or biotransformation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

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An Overdose Forecasting Dashboard for Local Harm-Reduction Response.

Maxwell Krieger1, Jesse Yedinak1, Ellen Duong2

  • 1Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Rhode Island

Keywords:
GIScommunity organizationsdata dashboarddata visualizationforecastingmachine learningneighborhoodoverdose preventionpredictive analytics

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Data Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The US faces a severe overdose crisis, prompting innovative public health strategies.
  • Rhode Island utilizes surveillance data and multi-sector collaboration for overdose prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the development and pilot of the PROVIDENT dashboard.
  • To assess community-based organizations' (CBOs) utilization of ML predictions for harm reduction.

Main Methods:

  • The PROVIDENT project employed machine learning (ML) for neighborhood-level overdose risk prediction.
  • An interactive online mapping dashboard was co-developed with CBOs.
  • Dashboard usage, decision-making, and training engagement were measured.

Main Results:

  • CBOs engaged with the PROVIDENT dashboard to inform harm-reduction service allocation.
  • The dashboard facilitated data-driven decision-making at a neighborhood level.
  • Surveillance data and ML insights guided outreach efforts.

Conclusions:

  • The PROVIDENT dashboard effectively integrates ML and surveillance data for overdose prevention.
  • Collaborative development with CBOs enhances tool utility and adoption.
  • This approach offers a scalable model for data-driven public health interventions.