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Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...

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Updated: May 9, 2025

Identifying Inhibitors of the HBx-DDB1 Interaction Using a Split Luciferase Assay System

Identifying Inhibitors of the HBx-DDB1 Interaction Using a Split Luciferase Assay System

Published on: December 21, 2019

The m6A methylation system limits hepatitis B virus replication.

A V Kachanov¹, S A Brezgin², N I Ponomareva²

¹Sechenov University, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Moscow, Russia.

Biomeditsinskaia Khimiia

|May 6, 2025

Summary

The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification system impacts hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Key m6A factors restrict HBV at basal levels and suppress its cycle upon overexpression, except for hnRNPA2B1.

Keywords:

cccDNA hepatitis B m6A factors pgRNA

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Last Updated: May 9, 2025

Identifying Inhibitors of the HBx-DDB1 Interaction Using a Split Luciferase Assay System

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Published on: December 21, 2019

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

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Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Epigenetics

Background:

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent RNA modification regulating RNA fate.
The m6A system, involving writer, eraser, and reader proteins, influences viral life cycles, including hepatitis B virus (HBV).
m6A modification significantly affects HBV replication, impacting mRNA stability, pgRNA encapsidation, and reverse transcription.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of m6A methylation system factors on the HBV viral cycle.
To assess the impact of gene knockout and expression activation of m6A factors on HBV pgRNA and cccDNA levels.

Main Methods:

Utilized the StCas9 nuclease system for gene knockout.
Employed the dCas9-p300 system for activation of gene expression.
Quantified pgRNA and cccDNA levels using real-time PCR.

Main Results:

Identified METTL3, METTL14, METTL16, FTO, JMJD6, and hnRNPA2B1 as factors restricting HBV at basal levels.
Demonstrated that overexpression of these factors, excluding hnRNPA2B1, suppressed the HBV viral cycle.
Showcased the dual role of m6A factors in regulating HBV replication.

Conclusions:

The m6A methylation system plays a crucial role in controlling HBV replication.
Specific m6A factors can be targeted to restrict or suppress HBV viral cycle progression.
Further research into m6A pathways could reveal novel therapeutic strategies against HBV.