[NAD⁺ metabolism in cardiovascular diseases]

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Cardiology
• Metabolic Research

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary global cause of mortality.
• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a crucial metabolite in cellular energy, DNA repair, and signaling.
• NAD+ levels decrease with age and conditions like obesity and hypertension, major CVD risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review NAD+-related mechanisms vital for vascular health.
• To summarize research on NAD+ in vascular diseases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease).
• To assess NAD+ precursors for CVD prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of NAD+ mechanisms in vascular health and disease.
• Analysis of preclinical and clinical studies on NAD+ boosting strategies.
• Evaluation of NAD+ precursors' efficacy in various CVD models.

Main Results:

• Therapeutic NAD+ elevation reduces inflammation, enhances autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and antioxidation in vascular cells.
• NAD+ boosting in animal models improves health span, prevents metabolic syndrome, and lowers blood pressure.
• NAD+ strategies show promise in improving cardiac and vascular health in animal models and humans.

Conclusions:

• NAD+ plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular health.
• NAD+ precursors offer potential therapeutic avenues for preventing and treating major cardiovascular diseases.
• Further research into NAD+ precursors could guide novel strategies for cardiovascular health.