Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2025
08:20
MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
Published on: August 11, 2015
13.8K
Brexpiprazole augmentation and mitochondrial gene expression changes in major depressive disorder
Kohei Kondo1, Yuta Yoshino1, Hiroshi Kumon1
1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
|May 6, 2025
Summary
Brexpiprazole augmentation therapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) impacts mitochondrial gene expression. This study reveals potential mechanisms for treatment-resistant depression, offering new insights for clinical practice.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Pharmacology
Background:
- 20% of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients exhibit treatment resistance.
- Antipsychotic augmentation therapy is an option, but its mechanism remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the gene expression mechanisms of brexpiprazole (BREX) augmentation therapy in MDD.
Main Methods:
- RNA-sequencing was performed on mouse neuroblastoma cells treated with escitalopram (ES), BREX, or ES + BREX.
- Gene expression was analyzed in MDD patient blood and mouse brain tissues.
Main Results:
- Mitochondria (MT)-related genes were upregulated following brexpiprazole augmentation.
- Decreased MT-ATP8 expression was observed in MDD patient blood.
- Changes in MT-mRNA expression were confirmed in mouse brain regions.
Conclusions:
- Brexpiprazole augmentation alters mitochondrial mRNA expression in vitro and in vivo.
- These findings may enhance understanding of MDD pathogenesis and treatment.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:23Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents
159
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
159
01:30Bipolar Disorder
29
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
29
01:28Human Genetics
469
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
469
01:18Depression: Overview
186
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
186