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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Everyday Language and Cognitive Functioning in Late Life.

Shiyang Zhang1, Zexi Zhou2, Yee To Ng3,4

  • 1Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
|May 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Linguistic features like pronoun use and sentence complexity can predict cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. Complex language use may signal better cognitive health.

Keywords:
Cognitive agingEcological momentary assessmentElectronically activated recorder

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Language changes are linked to cognitive decline in aging.
  • Research is exploring language features associated with executive function and working memory in healthy older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific linguistic features that predict cognitive functioning in cognitively healthy older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized speech recordings from 260 participants (aged 65-89) in the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study (DEWS).
  • Transcribed speech and extracted 29 linguistic features using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software.
  • Trained random forest machine learning models to predict cognitive functioning based on linguistic features.

Main Results:

  • Machine learning models achieved high performance (accuracy=0.72, AUC=0.73) in predicting cognitive functioning.
  • Key predictors included pronoun usage (first-person singular associated with worse cognition) and language complexity (articles, differentiation words, first-person plural pronouns, words per sentence associated with better cognition).

Conclusions:

  • Language patterns reflect cognitive functioning even in healthy aging.
  • More complex language use may be an indicator of optimal cognitive health in older adults, warranting further research.