Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.1K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.1K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
1.9K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.8K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.8K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.6K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.6K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

166.1K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
166.1K
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

11.1K
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
11.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SNIPSNP: precision design of CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in reagents for variant correction and disease modeling.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Expanding the human proteome with microproteins and peptideins.

Nature·2026
Same author

Rehabilitation paired with vagus nerve stimulation for motor function of chronic ischemic stroke patients in China: Study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (Repair Study).

Neuroprotection (Chichester, England)·2026
Same author

Stability of Codman Hakim programmable valve pressure settings during 0.23 T portable magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective observational study.

Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery·2026
Same author

Differentiating lymph node status in malignant melanoma: the role of apparent diffusion coefficient ratio in diffusion-weighted MRI - a prospective diagnostic study.

BMC medical imaging·2026
Same author

Experimental comparison between forward and reverse Vibrant Soundbridge cochlear stimulation.

Hearing research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2025

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

7.6K

Reprograming gene expression in 'hibernating' C. elegans involves the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway.

Melanie Lianne Engelfriet1, Yanwu Guo1, Andreas Arnold2,3

  • 1Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Elife
|May 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells survive cold by regulating gene expression at the transcription level, not protein synthesis. The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway aids cold adaptation and survival.

Keywords:
C. elegansER stressUPRcell biologycold dormancyglobal translationhibernationhypothermia

More Related Videos

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
08:54

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

Published on: March 29, 2019

7.0K
Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program
11:00

Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

Published on: December 16, 2016

7.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2025

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

7.6K
In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
08:54

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

Published on: March 29, 2019

7.0K
Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program
11:00

Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

Published on: December 16, 2016

7.1K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cellular stress response
  • Cryobiology

Background:

  • Animals hibernate and clinical hypothermia is used for medical treatments, but cellular cold survival mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Global protein synthesis downregulation is a known cold adaptation strategy, but its role is debated.
  • Understanding cold adaptation is crucial for fields ranging from evolutionary biology to emergency medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cellular cold survival.
  • To determine how protein synthesis and gene expression are regulated during cold exposure.
  • To identify key signaling pathways involved in cold adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Studied cold adaptation in the nematode *Caenorhabditis elegans*.
  • Analyzed messenger RNA (mRNA) translation rates at low temperatures.
  • Investigated gene expression patterns and the role of the unfolded protein response (UPR).
  • Examined the IRE-1/XBP-1 signaling pathway's involvement in cold-induced gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Most mRNAs in *C. elegans* continue translation in the cold, albeit at a reduced rate.
  • Cold-specific gene expression is primarily regulated at the transcription level.
  • The unfolded protein response (UPR), via the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway, is activated by cold.
  • Activation of this UPR pathway is linked to cold-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress.
  • UPR activation through IRE-1/XBP-1 signaling enhances cold survival.

Conclusions:

  • Cold adaptation in *C. elegans* relies on transcriptional regulation rather than global translation shutdown.
  • The unfolded protein response (UPR) acts as a critical cold-survival mechanism.
  • Cold-induced ER stress triggers the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway, promoting cellular resilience.
  • This study reveals a novel role for UPR in cold adaptation and survival.