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Bicuspid Aortic Valve among Children Presenting in Two Health Institutions in Enugu, South-East Nigeria
J M Chinawa1, A T Chinawa2,3, F N Ogbuka2,3
1Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku/Ozalla and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla Enugu State, Nigeria.
Insights
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), a common congenital heart defect, was found in 1.7% of pediatric patients. Associated cardiac anomalies, like atrial septal defects, were frequently observed in children with BAV.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Defects
- Echocardiography
Background:
- Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent congenital heart defect but often under-reported.
- BAV is frequently associated with other cardiac anomalies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of BAV in pediatric patients at two referral institutions.
- To identify the types of BAV and associated cardiac anomalies.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive study was conducted over nine years.
- One thousand and five echocardiograms were performed on children with suspected cardiac conditions.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of BAV in the studied pediatric population was 1.7%.
- The most common BAV type involved left coronary and non-coronary sinuses.
- Atrial septal defect (41.2%) was the most frequent associated anomaly, followed by tricuspid regurgitation and aortic stenosis (17.7% each).
Conclusions:
- This study confirms the rarity of BAV despite its classification as the most common congenital heart disease.
- BAV is consistently associated with other valvar anomalies.
Background:
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect. However, this is under-reported. It is not without associated cardiac anomalies.
Aim:
This study was aimed at documenting the prevalence of BAV in two referral health institutions and to determine the various types and associated cardiac anomalies.
Methods:
This was a descriptive study carried out in two referral health institutions. One thousand and five echocardiography was carried out in children with suspected cardiac diseases over a nine-year period.
Results:
Data was analyzed with IBM statistical software version 20. The prevalence of children with BAV is 1.7%. The most common type of BAV is the presence of left coronary and non-coronary sinuses. The most common associated lesion among children with BAV is atrial septal defect 7 (41.2%), followed by significant tricuspid regurgitation three (17.7%) and aortic stenosis three (17.7%). The mean cardiac structure diameters were not different when compared with age- and gender-matched controls (Children without BAV).
Conclusion:
Though BAV is the most common congenital heart disease, its rarity is proven in this study. It is also noteworthy that the cardiac defect is associated with valvar anomalies.
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