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Exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases: Therapeutic potential and modification methods
Hongli Chen1,2, Na Li2, Yuanhao Cai2,3
1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
Neural Regeneration Research
|May 6, 2025
Summary
Exosomes show promise for treating neurodegenerative diseases and aiding diagnosis. Surface modifications enhance their targeting ability for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier, though clinical application challenges remain.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biotechnology
- Nanomedicine
Background:
- Exosomes are investigated as therapeutic agents and diagnostic markers for neurodegenerative diseases.
- Their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier makes them suitable for targeting deep brain lesions.
- Exosomes regulate inflammatory cytokines and proteins, potentially halting disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current research on exosome modification strategies for enhanced targeting.
- To elucidate the therapeutic potential of exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases.
- To highlight challenges and future directions for clinical application.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on exosome modification techniques.
- Analysis of strategies including genetic engineering, chemical modifications (covalent and non-covalent), and nanomaterial modifications.
- Evaluation of exosome targeting capabilities and therapeutic effects.
Main Results:
- Surface-modified exosomes demonstrate enhanced targeting for drug delivery in neurodegenerative diseases.
- Exosomes can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier and serve as early diagnostic markers.
- Various modification strategies show significant therapeutic potential.
Conclusions:
- Exosomes hold considerable therapeutic promise for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly when surface-modified for targeted delivery.
- Further research is needed to address challenges in preparation, characterization, safety, and clinical application.
- Optimizing exosome-based therapies is crucial for successful translation to clinical practice.
