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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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Long-Term Antibiotics for Disturbed Bladder Microbiome Disorders.

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Long-term antibiotics show promise for treating infectious bladder microbiome disorders like recurrent UTIs and chronic cystitis. Cephalexin, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin are effective, with cephalexin being a preferred option due to its safety profile.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The bladder microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining bladder health.
  • Disruptions in the bladder microbiome are linked to conditions like recurrent UTIs, interstitial cystitis, and chronic cystitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on bladder microbiome composition and associated disorders.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of long-term antibiotic treatment for disturbed bladder microbiome (DBM) disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A focused literature review was conducted.
  • Studies evaluating long-term antibiotic treatment (over 28 days) for DBM disorders were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Long-term antibiotics demonstrated encouraging outcomes for infectious DBM disorders, including recurrent UTIs and chronic recalcitrant cystitis.
  • No significant benefit was observed for interstitial cystitis patients.
  • Cephalexin, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin were found to be well-tolerated and effective, with cephalexin showing a favorable side-effect profile.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term antibiotic therapy is a viable option for managing infectious DBM disorders.
  • Cephalexin is a recommended treatment choice due to its efficacy and safety.
  • Further research is needed to explore future therapeutic avenues for DBM disorders.