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Related Concept Videos

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Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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The Collaborative Cross as a Model for Studying Viral Infections.

P A Sylvester1, M T Heise1,2

  • 1Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Annual Review of Virology
|May 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population offers greater genetic diversity than traditional strains, better modeling human virus-host interactions and disease spectrums. This resource aids in identifying host genes influencing susceptibility to virus-induced diseases.

Keywords:
Collaborative CrossSARS-CoV-2animal modelsgenetic mappinggenetic variationvirology

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Inbred mouse strains are crucial for studying virus-host interactions and genetic influences on disease.
  • Conventional mouse models often fail to replicate the diverse human disease spectrum caused by viruses due to limited genetic diversity.
  • Human populations exhibit significant genetic variation, leading to a wide range of responses to viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population as a resource for modeling virus-induced diseases.
  • To highlight the CC's potential for identifying host gene variants that influence susceptibility and disease severity.
  • To emphasize the CC's capacity to better recapitulate human genetic and phenotypic diversity in viral pathogenesis studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing CC strains for modeling virus-host interactions.
  • Examination of CC's application in identifying host genetic factors in viral disease.

Main Results:

  • The CC provides a genetically diverse resource that better models human genetic diversity compared to conventional inbred strains.
  • CC strains have been successfully used to study the genetic basis of pathogenesis for several human viruses.
  • The CC facilitates the identification of specific host genes and variants that modulate the response to viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a valuable resource for developing improved models of human virus-induced diseases.
  • Utilizing the CC enables a more comprehensive understanding of host genetic contributions to viral disease outcomes.
  • The CC is instrumental in discovering host gene variants that determine susceptibility and resistance to viral infections.