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Updated: May 17, 2025

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
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The interplay between systemic inflammation and myopia: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization and experimental

Zhiqian Huang1, Jitong Zhou1, Shuyu Liu1

  • 1Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China.

International Immunopharmacology
|May 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a two-way link between systemic inflammation and myopia, identifying specific inflammatory proteins and immune cells involved. These findings suggest myopia should be viewed as a systemic condition requiring further mechanistic research.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationMyopiaSystemic inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The exact causes of myopia are not fully understood.
  • Growing evidence suggests a connection between systemic inflammation and myopia development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between systemic inflammation and myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Main Methods:

  • A two-sample bidirectional MR analysis was performed using genome-wide association study data for inflammatory proteins, immune cell traits, and myopia.
  • Sensitivity analyses and validation using ELISA and UK Biobank proteomics data were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Three inflammatory proteins (CXCL9, CXCL11, CD5) and six immune phenotypes were identified as myopia risk factors.
  • Myopia was associated with elevated levels of inflammatory agents (TNFRSF9, IL-24) and specific immune cell traits.
  • Validation confirmed elevated plasma levels of CXCL9, CXCL11, and TNFRSF9 in highly myopic individuals.

Conclusions:

  • A bidirectional causal relationship exists between systemic immune function and myopia.
  • Myopia should be considered within the broader context of systemic health.
  • Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms connecting inflammation and myopia.