Impact of age and prior COVID-19 on the response to influenza a components in the 2020-2021 Fluzone vaccine
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Older age, not prior COVID-19 infection, reduced influenza vaccine responses during the pandemic. This highlights the need for improved influenza immunization strategies in older adults for better vaccine efficacy.
Area Of Science
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Epidemiology
Background
- Understanding factors influencing influenza vaccine efficacy is crucial amid co-circulating respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
- Assessing the impact of age and prior COVID-19 on immune responses to influenza vaccines is vital for public health.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate how age and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection affected humoral responses to the Fluzone influenza vaccine during the 2020-2021 season.
- To identify factors influencing vaccine efficacy for optimizing immunization strategies in diverse populations.
Main Methods
- Analysis of anti-hemagglutinin (HA) antibody and memory B cell responses to influenza A (H1 and H3) components post-vaccination.
- Assessment of neutralizing antibody assays, H1 HA-specific memory B cells, anti-H1 IgG glycosylation, and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays.
- Correlation of humoral responses with participant age and COVID-19 history.
Main Results
- Prior COVID-19 infection did not significantly alter the humoral immune response to the influenza vaccine in this cohort.
- Older age was consistently associated with diminished influenza vaccine responses across multiple immunological readouts.
- Reduced responses were observed in neutralizing antibody levels, memory B cell counts, and antibody glycosylation patterns.
Conclusions
- Older adults exhibit reduced immune responses to influenza vaccination, irrespective of prior COVID-19 infection.
- Findings underscore the necessity for targeted strategies to enhance influenza vaccine effectiveness in the elderly.
- Optimizing immunization protocols for older populations is critical given their heightened risk for severe outcomes from influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Overview
Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material from pathogens to confer immunity against a specific microorganism. Vaccination primes the immune system to recognize and mount an immune response faster and more effectively if the real pathogen is encountered. Vaccinations are one of the most efficient ways to protect both individual humans and the general public from disease. A growing anti-vaccination skepticism risks the successes of vaccination programs that helped reduce...
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
Overview
The ability of a single antibody to recognize multiple structurally similar epitopes is an important immune defense strategy that enables the host to efficiently defend against many potentially threatening pathogens. However, cross-reactivity also elicits allergy symptoms against related allergens. It is increasingly important to understand the principles of cross-reactivity, as antibodies are actively being developed as therapeutic modalities for diverse diseases, including cancer.
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...