Real-World Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Clinical Outcomes in US Patients with Stage I-III...

Immunotherapy has altered the treatment landscape for resectable non-small cell lung cancer, increasing the complexity of treatment planning. Understanding treatment patterns and outcomes prior to the advent of immunotherapy can provide context for assessing the benefit of immunotherapies and other novel agents.

We aimed to characterize real-world demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes of patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer before widespread immunotherapy use.

Analyses included patients from the US CancerLinQ Discovery^® database diagnosed with stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer between 2014 and 2020 without known EGFR mutations who underwent surgical resection within 140 days of diagnosis. The primary outcome was treatment patterns by disease stage.

Analyses included 3077 patients with stage I (n = 1673), II (n = 853), and III (n = 551) disease. Most (92.8%, 52.3%, and 36.5% of stage I, II, and III patients) received surgery without systemic therapy. Among stage I, II, and III patients, 7.2%, 44.8%, and 46.6% received adjuvant therapy only. Of stage II and III patients, 2.0% and 10.2% received neoadjuvant therapy only, and 0.9% and 6.7% received both (stage I patients who received neoadjuvant only or perioperative therapy were excluded because of low numbers [n = 4]). Five-year overall survival rates were 73.4%, 61.9%, and 50.5% in stage I, II, and III patients; 5-year real-world relapse-free survival rates were 35.4%, 23.1%, and 14.0%. In an exploratory multivariate analysis, neoadjuvant treatment was associated with improved overall survival and real-world relapse-free survival in stage II-III patients (stage I patients not evaluable). Adjuvant treatment was associated with improved real-world relapse-free survival, but not overall survival, in stage II-III patients.

Most patients received surgery alone, though the proportion receiving systemic treatment increased with disease stage. Modest 5-year, real-world relapse-free survival rates indicate a need for more effective neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatments in this setting.