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Differences in Postural Control Associated With Aging and Executive Function.

Kensuke Matsuda1, Issei Murai2, Ryota Okoba3

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, JPN.

Cureus
|May 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults exhibit greater postural sway and altered lower limb joint control compared to young adults, especially under unstable conditions. This highlights age-related changes in balance and executive function impacting stability.

Keywords:
adultsagingcognitive functionexecutive functionfalls riskpostural control

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Postural instability is a key indicator of age-related functional decline and increases fall risk.
  • Understanding age-related differences in postural control is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate postural control in young, older, and at-risk older adults during stationary standing.
  • To analyze postural sway and cumulative lower limb angles under varying stability and cognitive load conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (young, older, at-risk older adults) stood in stable, unstable, and cognitively demanding unstable conditions.
  • Postural control was measured using center-of-gravity sway and lower limb angular velocity sensors.

Main Results:

  • Older adults demonstrated reduced executive function and increased postural sway compared to young adults.
  • Increased cumulative ankle, knee, and hip joint angles were observed in older adults under unstable conditions.
  • Similar deficits in postural control were noted under unstable and attention-dispersing conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults and those at risk of falls exhibit significant postural instability.
  • Age-related postural control strategies differ from those of younger individuals, particularly when balance is challenged.