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Related Concept Videos

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

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Microwave Assisted Rapid Diagnosis of Plant Virus Diseases by Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Marburg Virus Disease: A Narrative Review.

Arash Letafati1, Somayeh Sadat Hosseini Fakhr1, Ali Qaraee Najafabadi2

  • 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran.

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|May 7, 2025
PubMed
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Recent Marburg virus (MARV) outbreaks highlight the urgent need for preparedness. This review details MARV classification, history, transmission, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment to combat future Marburg virus disease (MVD) threats.

Keywords:
FilovirusMarburg virusMarburg virus diseaseMarburg virus outbreak

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Recent deadly Marburg virus (MARV) outbreaks in Africa (Tanzania, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda) have increased public health concerns.
  • MARV poses a significant threat due to its zoonotic origin, potential for human-to-human transmission, and lack of licensed vaccines or effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of MARV and Marburg virus disease (MVD).
  • To cover virus classification, historical outbreaks, transmission dynamics, host interactions, diagnostics, prevention, and therapeutics.
  • To enhance understanding for improved response to future MARV outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science.
  • Peer-reviewed papers in English were included, focusing on keywords: Filovirus, Marburg virus, Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever, Marburg virus disease, and Marburg virus outbreak.

Main Results:

  • MARV shares characteristics and clinical features with Ebola virus (EBOV), originating from bats.
  • Transmission occurs through direct/indirect contact with infected bats and can spread between humans.
  • MVD presents with diverse symptoms and organ dysfunction, often proving fatal; diagnosis relies on various tools, prevention on protective measures, and treatment on supportive care.

Conclusions:

  • Marburg virus outbreaks continuously threaten public health, necessitating global vigilance and preparedness.
  • Prioritizing precautions, research, and preparedness at all levels is crucial for managing Marburg virus disease (MVD).