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Marburg Virus Disease: A Narrative Review
Arash Letafati1, Somayeh Sadat Hosseini Fakhr1, Ali Qaraee Najafabadi2
1Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran.
Health Science Reports
|May 7, 2025
Summary
Recent Marburg virus (MARV) outbreaks highlight the urgent need for preparedness. This review details MARV classification, history, transmission, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment to combat future Marburg virus disease (MVD) threats.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Recent deadly Marburg virus (MARV) outbreaks in Africa (Tanzania, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda) have increased public health concerns.
- MARV poses a significant threat due to its zoonotic origin, potential for human-to-human transmission, and lack of licensed vaccines or effective treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of MARV and Marburg virus disease (MVD).
- To cover virus classification, historical outbreaks, transmission dynamics, host interactions, diagnostics, prevention, and therapeutics.
- To enhance understanding for improved response to future MARV outbreaks.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science.
- Peer-reviewed papers in English were included, focusing on keywords: Filovirus, Marburg virus, Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever, Marburg virus disease, and Marburg virus outbreak.
Main Results:
- MARV shares characteristics and clinical features with Ebola virus (EBOV), originating from bats.
- Transmission occurs through direct/indirect contact with infected bats and can spread between humans.
- MVD presents with diverse symptoms and organ dysfunction, often proving fatal; diagnosis relies on various tools, prevention on protective measures, and treatment on supportive care.
Conclusions:
- Marburg virus outbreaks continuously threaten public health, necessitating global vigilance and preparedness.
- Prioritizing precautions, research, and preparedness at all levels is crucial for managing Marburg virus disease (MVD).
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