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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
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Rheological and structural characterization of emulsion-based paints.

Côme Thillaye du Boullay1, Maguy Jaber1, Céleste Coulont1

  • 1Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), UMR 8220, Sorbonne-Université - CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. laurence.de_viguerie@sorbonne-universite.fr.

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Summary

This study reveals how pigment volume fraction and emulsion type (oil-in-water or water-in-oil) critically affect the flow properties and microstructure of historical emulsion paints, informing artists

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Area of Science:

  • Art Conservation Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Historical emulsion paints, utilizing egg yolk and vegetable oil, were employed by artists from the 15th century onwards.
  • Understanding the rheological properties of these paints is crucial for interpreting artists' techniques and material choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the flow behavior and viscoelastic properties of modern emulsion paint recipes.
  • To explore the influence of emulsion type (oil-in-water vs. water-in-oil) and pigment concentration on paint properties.
  • To correlate microstructure with working properties for historical emulsion paints.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion paints with lead-tin yellow pigment.
  • Rheological measurements including steady shear flow and dynamic oscillatory tests.
  • Confocal microscopy on model systems with glass microspheres to visualize particle localization.

Main Results:

  • Stable emulsion paints were successfully prepared.
  • Increased volume fraction of the dispersed phase led to higher yield stress, consistency, and viscosity.
  • The continuous phase significantly influenced the viscoelastic properties of the paints.
  • Confocal microscopy revealed preferential localization of pigment particles within one emulsion phase.

Conclusions:

  • Paint preparation protocols directly impact microstructure and working properties.
  • The findings provide insights into the material science of historical painting techniques.
  • Emulsion type and pigment loading are key factors in controlling paint rheology.