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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

39.1K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
39.1K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

13.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

23.5K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
23.5K
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

2.6K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
2.6K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.0K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
18.0K
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

25.7K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Interlayer Design for Halide Electrolytes in All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Zeyi Wang1, Tengrui Wang1, Nan Zhang1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new lithium halide electrolytes for safer, high-energy all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries. A novel interlayer significantly improved stability and performance, enabling higher critical current densities for advanced battery applications.

Keywords:
all‐solid‐state batterieshalide electrolytesinterface designinterface stabilitieslithium metal

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Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • All-solid-state lithium-metal batteries (ASSLMBs) offer enhanced safety and energy density for electric transportation.
  • Lithium halide electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivity and anodic stability, suitable for high-voltage cathodes.
  • Current halide electrolytes face challenges with low cathodic stability and poor interface with lithium metal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of lithium halide electrolytes in ASSLMBs.
  • To develop a stable solid electrolyte interphase for lithium metal anodes.
  • To enhance the critical current density and cycling stability of ASSLMBs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Li3YbCl6 and Li3LuCl6 electrolytes.
  • Design and implementation of a PI3 interlayer that transforms into Li6PI3.
  • Electrochemical characterization including critical current density (CCD) and cycling performance.
  • Interfacial resistance measurements.

Main Results:

  • The PI3 interlayer formed a Li6PI3 interphase, reducing interfacial resistance to 34 Ω and increasing critical overpotential to 114 mV.
  • Li3LuCl6 electrolytes with Li6PI3 interlayers achieved a CCD of 1.0 mA cm-2, surpassing previous halide electrolytes.
  • Stable Li//Li cycling for 400 cycles at 0.5 mA cm-2 and 86.5% capacity retention in Li//LiCoO2 cells after 220 cycles were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Li6PI3 interphase effectively stabilizes the lithium metal interface in halide electrolytes.
  • These enhanced lithium halide electrolytes show promise for high-performance and safe ASSLMBs.
  • The findings pave the way for practical application of ASSLMBs in demanding fields like transportation electrification.