Connecting the Dots: How MicroRNAs Link Asthma and Atherosclerosis

Asthma and atherosclerosis are chronic conditions with distinct pathophysiologies, but overlapping inflammatory mechanisms that suggest a potential common regulatory framework. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, could be key players in linking these disorders. This review outlines how miRNAs contribute to the complex interplay between asthma and atherosclerosis, focusing on key miRNAs involved in inflammatory pathways, immune cell regulation and vascular remodeling. We discuss specific miRNAs, such as miR-155, miR-21 and miR-146a, which have been shown to modulate inflammatory cytokine production and T cell differentiation, impacting respiratory and cardiovascular health. The common miRNAs found in both asthma and atherosclerosis emphasize their role as potential biomarkers, but also as therapeutic targets. Understanding these molecular connections may unlock novel approaches for innovative, integrated treatment strategies that address both conditions and may significantly improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to explore mechanistic pathways and validate the translational potential of miRNA-based interventions in preclinical and clinical settings.