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Updated: May 12, 2025
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Published on: September 8, 2023
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The Current Roadmap of Lung Cancer Biology, Genomics and Racial Disparity
Enas S Alsatari1,2, Kelly R Smith1,2, Sapthala P Loku Galappaththi1,2
1Department of Pathology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 7, 2025
Summary
Lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer death, includes non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This review explores lung cancer
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.
- Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) are the primary classifications.
- Adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are major NSCLC subtypes, influenced by epidemiological and environmental factors with racial disparities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of lung cancer screening and treatment strategies.
- To explore the genomics, biology, microbial landscapes, and racial disparities in lung cancer.
- To understand the role of race and ethnicity in lung cancer occurrence and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on lung cancer screening, treatment modalities (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy), and molecular/biological aspects.
- Analysis of epidemiological data, environmental factors, and genetic mutation profiles across diverse populations.
- Examination of histological and molecular progression patterns, including nuclear and mitochondrial alterations, epigenetics, and immune signatures.
Main Results:
- Lung cancer risk factors exhibit disparities across racial and ethnic groups.
- Distinct molecular features and genetic mutation profiles are observed in different populations.
- Diverse histological and molecular progression patterns, alongside nuclear genetic alterations, mitochondrial changes, epigenetic reprogramming, microbial dysbiosis, and immune alterations, are identified in various lung cancer types.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the heterogeneity of lung cancer, including its genetic, biological, and microbial aspects, is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment.
- Racial and ethnic factors significantly influence lung cancer occurrence and response to therapy.
- A comprehensive approach unifying diverse aspects of lung cancer is essential for advancing patient care and outcomes.
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