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Updated: May 14, 2025

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
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Vaccination Coverage and Adherence to Scheduling in Children Aged 0 to 18 Months: Effects of COVID-19 and Age

Ubaldo Miranda-Soberón1, Isabel Pino-Arana2, Norma Pastor-Ramírez2

  • 1Human Medicine Faculty, National University "San Luis Gonzaga", Ica 11004, Peru.

Vaccines
|May 7, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Peruvian childhood vaccination coverage and adherence declined between 2018 and 2022, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating these trends. These findings highlight a critical need to bolster immunization programs to protect child health.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Peru's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) has protected millions of children for 50 years.
  • Childhood vaccination is crucial for preventing infectious diseases and maintaining public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess vaccination coverage and adherence in Peruvian children up to 18 months from 2018-2022.
  • To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdown periods, on vaccination compliance.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary data analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) in Peru.
  • Inclusion of 82,702 children with vaccination records.
  • Chi-square tests to compare vaccination coverage and adherence across pre-confinement, absolute confinement, and relative confinement periods.

Main Results:

  • Overall vaccination coverage decreased from 82.46% in 2018 to 80.16% in 2022 (p < 0.001).
  • Coverage declined with increasing child age (0-2 months: 93% vs. 7-18 months: 63%; p < 0.001).
  • Adherence rates also dropped from 65.82% in 2018 to 61.77% in 2022, with yellow fever vaccine most affected.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly and negatively impacted adherence to vaccination schedules.
  • Declining vaccination coverage and adherence pose risks to child health and disease control in Peru.

Keywords:
COVID-19 effectsExpanded Program on Immunization (EPI)child vaccinationvaccination coveragevaccine adherence

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