Recent Progress and Potential of G4 Ligands in Cancer Immunotherapy

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Immunology

Background:

• G-quadruplex (G4) structures are non-canonical DNA conformations vital for gene regulation and telomere maintenance.
• G4 ligands are emerging as potential anticancer agents by targeting these structures.
• G4 ligands influence oncogene expression, DNA damage, and immune signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms of G4 ligands in cancer progression and immune regulation.
• To highlight the potential of G4 ligands in cancer immunotherapy.
• To identify challenges and future directions for G4 ligand clinical applications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on G4 structures and ligands in cancer.
• Analysis of G4 ligand interactions with oncogenes (e.g., c-MYC, KRAS) and telomeres.
• Examination of G4 ligand effects on the cGAS-STING pathway and immunogenic cell death.

Main Results:

• G4 ligands stabilize G4 structures, modulating oncogene expression and inducing DNA damage.
• G4 ligands can activate the cGAS-STING pathway, promoting anti-tumor immunity.
• G4 ligands impact telomere maintenance and are implicated in immune-based therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

• G4 ligands offer a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy by targeting G4 structures.
• Further research is required to optimize patient stratification and fully understand immunomodulatory effects.
• G4 ligands represent a potential strategy for novel cancer treatment interventions.