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Exploring support for medicalized female genital mutilation/cutting: A study on migrant women living in Italy
Livia Elisa Ortensi1, Patrizia Farina2, Daniela Carrillo2
1Department of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati", Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
The medicalization of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) as a harm reduction strategy is a highly debated issue, although largely unexplored among migrants living outside practising countries. This study investigates the extent of the support for FGM/C conditioned on its medicalization among migrant women from FGM/C-practising countries residing in Italy, and the characteristics of women supporting the practice. Data are from a national survey on FGM/C conducted in Italy in 2016, covering a representative sample of 1,378 women aged 18 + who were born in Nigeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Somalia, and Ivory Coast. A discrete choice framework and a multinomial probit choice model are adopted to analyze women's preferences about FGM/C continuation and medicalization. Findings indicate that, compared with women who support the practice unconditionally, the requirement of medicalization correlates with higher educational level, age, being in a couple, and being from a country where FGM/C is more commonly medicalized. Perceived benefits linked to increased support for FGM/C medicalization include religious approval, better marriage prospects, cleanliness, and conformity to traditional cultural values. Our data show that higher education is a critical, but not unique, factor in understanding the support for FGM/C in its medicalized form.
The medicalization of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) as a harm reduction strategy is a highly debated issue, although largely unexplored among migrants living outside practising countries. This study investigates the extent of the support for FGM/C conditioned on its medicalization among migrant women from FGM/C-practising countries residing in Italy, and the characteristics of women supporting the practice. Data are from a national survey on FGM/C conducted in Italy in 2016, covering a representative sample of 1,378 women aged 18 + who were born in Nigeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Somalia, and Ivory Coast. A discrete choice framework and a multinomial probit choice model are adopted to analyze women's preferences about FGM/C continuation and medicalization. Findings indicate that, compared with women who support the practice unconditionally, the requirement of medicalization correlates with higher educational level, age, being in a couple, and being from a country where FGM/C is more commonly medicalized. Perceived benefits linked to increased support for FGM/C medicalization include religious approval, better marriage prospects, cleanliness, and conformity to traditional cultural values. Our data show that higher education is a critical, but not unique, factor in understanding the support for FGM/C in its medicalized form.
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