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Mechanical and physiological responses to lower extremity loading during running.

P E Martin

    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
    |August 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Adding weight to the feet or thighs during running increases physiological demand (oxygen consumption and heart rate). Foot loading resulted in greater increases in oxygen consumption and mechanical work compared to thigh loading.

    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Biomechanics
    • Sports Science

    Background:

    • Understanding the impact of external loads on running economy is crucial for training and performance.
    • Previous research has explored various aspects of running biomechanics, but the specific effects of localized lower extremity loading require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of adding external loads to the thighs and feet on running kinematics, mechanical work, oxygen consumption (VO2), and heart rate.
    • To determine how different loading locations (thighs vs. feet) influence these physiological and biomechanical parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Fifteen highly trained male runners performed treadmill running at 12 km/h under five load conditions (no load, 0.50 kg, and 1.00 kg on thighs or feet).
    • Measurements included seven temporal and kinematic running descriptors, mechanical work on the lower extremity, VO2, and heart rate.

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    Main Results:

    • Both thigh and foot loading significantly increased VO2 and heart rate, with foot loading showing nearly double the VO2 increase per kilogram of load compared to thigh loading.
    • 1.00 kg added to the feet caused significant, albeit small, increases in stride length, swing time, and flight time, and a decrease in peak ankle velocity.
    • Mechanical work on the loaded limb segments increased significantly, with foot loading demonstrating a greater increase than thigh loading, directly correlating with physiological demand.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased physiological demand during loaded running is directly related to increased mechanical work.
    • The primary driver of increased mechanical work and physiological demand appears to be the enhanced inertia of the loaded segments, rather than significant alterations in lower extremity movement kinematics.
    • Foot loading is a more metabolically demanding condition than thigh loading at equivalent external weights.