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Evaluating cross-protection: Meningococcal vaccines show effectiveness in gonorrhoea prevention - A systematic review

I Szondy1, K Lőrincz1, A Walter2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Mária utca 41, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.

Vaccine
|May 7, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines, including 4CMenB, show moderate effectiveness in preventing gonorrhoea, particularly for high-risk groups like men who have sex with men (MSM). Full vaccination series completion is recommended for optimal protection against this sexually transmitted infection.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Gonorrhoea is a significant global health issue, disproportionately affecting men who have sex with men (MSM).
  • Outer membrane vesicle (OMV) meningococcal vaccines, notably 4CMenB, show potential for cross-protection against gonorrhoea.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness of OMV vaccines in preventing gonorrhoea.
  • To evaluate the impact of vaccination status (complete vs. partial) on gonorrhoea incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases up to July 2024.
  • Inclusion of original articles investigating gonorrhoea incidence in OMV vaccine recipients.
  • Random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled vaccine effectiveness (VE), with risk of bias assessment using ROBINS-I and RoB-2 tools.

Main Results:

  • Pooled analysis of 7 studies (6 retrospective, 1 prospective) revealed an overall VE of 38% (95% CI: 22%-50%).
  • The 4CMenB vaccine demonstrated a VE of 41% (OR=0.59; 95% CI: 0.46-0.76).
  • Complete vaccination offered potentially greater protection (24% increase) than partial vaccination, though with high heterogeneity (I²=86%). VE declined 2-3 years post-vaccination.

Conclusions:

  • OMV vaccines provide moderate protection against gonorrhoea.
  • The 4CMenB vaccine is recommended for sexually active individuals, prioritizing complete vaccination series.
  • Targeted administration of 4CMenB to high-risk MSM populations for gonorrhoea prevention should be considered.
Keywords:
GonorrhoeaMeningococcal vaccinePreventionSystematic reviewmeta-analysis

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