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Updated: May 12, 2025

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
Published on: February 16, 2011
A qualitative study of micro and macroaggression experienced by Black surgical trainees through an anonymous
M Muska Nataliansyah1, Yewande R Alimi2, Linda Barry3
1Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States.
Introduction:
This qualitative study explores experiences of bias, discrimination, and mistreatment among Black surgical trainees using an anonymous reporting system implemented across multiple academic surgical programs in the United States.
Methods:
Over six months, Black surgical trainees submitted anonymous reports detailing mistreatment and bias. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns, guided by both predefined concepts and emergent themes. The analysis was conducted by multiple team members with backgrounds in surgical education and qualitative research.
Results:
Six key themes were identified: microaggressions, abuse of power, professional barriers, identity and visibility, support and advocacy, and impacts on well-being. Trainees reported significant emotional and career-related effects, with many seeking mentorship or support, though institutional responses were often inadequate.
Conclusions:
This study highlights systemic issues within surgical training and underscores the need for targeted interventions to promote equity, safety, and inclusivity in surgical education.
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