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Edible aquatic robots with Marangoni propulsion.

Shuhang Zhang1, Bokeon Kwak1, Ruihao Zhu2

  • 1Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, STI-IGM-LIS, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nature Communications
|May 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a biodegradable, edible aquatic robot using fish food. This eco-friendly device uses the Marangoni effect for propulsion, offering a sustainable solution for environmental monitoring and wildlife support.

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Existing aquatic robots utilize artificial polymers and electronics, posing risks of pollution and ecological disruption if not retrieved.
  • The need for sustainable and non-disruptive aquatic monitoring and intervention technologies is critical for sensitive ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate a fully biodegradable and edible self-propelled aquatic device.
  • To address the environmental challenges posed by conventional aquatic robots through a sustainable alternative.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraged the Marangoni effect for autonomous propulsion of the aquatic robot.
  • Constructed the robot's body from freeze-dried fish food, ensuring biodegradability and edibility.
  • Utilized a water-triggered pneumatic reaction for sustained surfactant release, powering the device's motion.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created a self-propelled, centimeter-scale aquatic robot with a biodegradable and edible composition.
  • Demonstrated autonomous propulsion driven by the Marangoni effect and a safe, water-triggered surfactant release mechanism.
  • The device's non-toxic nature allows for safe deployment in aquatic environments for various applications.

Conclusions:

  • The developed edible aquatic robot offers a novel, environmentally benign solution for aquatic monitoring, exploration, and intervention.
  • This technology eliminates the need for retrieval, reducing ecological impact and enabling large-scale deployment.
  • The robot's composition provides potential for dual use, offering nutrition to aquatic wildlife post-deployment.