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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture
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Cutaneous T cell immunity.

Pirooz Zareie1, Eric S Weiss2, Daniel H Kaplan3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Nature Immunology
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The skin

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The skin acts as a crucial barrier against environmental hazards.
  • Skin immunity involves complex interactions between tissue-resident lymphocytes, commensal bacteria, and the skin environment.
  • The skin harbors a significant population of T cells, impacting immune surveillance and disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in understanding skin immunity.
  • To highlight the critical role of skin-resident T cells in maintaining immune homeostasis and disease.
  • To explore the interplay between skin tissue, immune cells, and the microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • Focuses on analyzing current literature on skin immunology and resident T cells.
  • Integrates findings on skin microbiota and immune cell interactions.

Main Results:

  • Skin-resident T cells are key players in immune surveillance and homeostasis.
  • These cells are involved in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for developing new therapies.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of skin immunity, particularly skin-resident T cells, is essential for treating skin conditions.
  • The intricate relationship between skin, immune cells, and microbiota regulates skin immune balance.
  • Further research into these interactions will drive therapeutic innovation.