Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

Bronchiolitis in children ≤ 12 months during the pre-flu season of 2024: A case series

Marietjie Brits1, Hanneke Brits

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein. 2012038747@ufs4life.ac.za.

South African Family Practice : Official Journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care
|May 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Influenza A, not respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), caused severe bronchiolitis in young children. All patients recovered with standard symptomatic treatment, indicating current guidelines are effective for this unexpected pathogen.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • A warning for a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) outbreak was issued in March 2024.
  • Severe bronchiolitis cases in infants increased at National District Hospital, Bloemfontein, since April 2024.
  • Investigated the cause of severe bronchiolitis and treatment guideline efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify the causative agent(s) of severe bronchiolitis in children.
  • Assess the appropriateness of current treatment guidelines for bronchiolitis in the study setting.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective file review of children admitted with bronchiolitis.
  • Study period: 4 weeks.
  • Case series design with ethical approval.

Main Results:

  • Ten infants (≤ 12 months) presented with moderate to severe bronchiolitis (Modified Tal Score 8-12).
  • Influenza A was detected in 60% of cases; RSV in 20%.
  • All children responded well to symptomatic treatment and recovered.

Conclusions:

  • Influenza A, not RSV, was the primary cause of the severe bronchiolitis outbreak.
  • Current symptomatic treatment guidelines were effective for Influenza A-induced bronchiolitis.
Abstract

Keywords:
Influenza ARSVbronchiolitisrespiratory distresstreatment.

More Related Videos

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B05:38

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B

Published on: January 30, 2017

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV03:53

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.1K
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
43.1K
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
1.3K
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
281
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
191
Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
271