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Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for rapid Streptococcus pneumoniae serotyping in a tertiary care general

Miriam Campos-Ruiz1,2, Jun Hao Wang-Wang1,2, Antoni E Bordoy1,3

  • 1Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|May 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy effectively serotypes Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, aiding in invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance. The PneumoClassifier algorithm demonstrated high accuracy, outperforming clustering methods.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Spectroscopy
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis (invasive pneumococcal disease - IPD).
  • Accurate serotyping is crucial for IPD surveillance and vaccine development.
  • Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy shows potential for rapid serotype differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate FTIR spectroscopy, including clustering and machine learning (PneumoClassifier), for S. pneumoniae serotyping.
  • To compare FTIR-based methods against the gold standard Quellung reaction.
  • To assess the utility of FTIR as a practical tool for S. pneumoniae serotyping.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 150 S. pneumoniae strains from Barcelona (2016-2023) representing 32 IPD-associated serotypes.
  • Serotyping performed using FTIR-based clustering and the FTIR machine-learning PneumoClassifier algorithm.
  • Results compared with the Quellung reaction.

Main Results:

  • PneumoClassifier correctly identified all 49 PCV13 vaccine serotypes (100% accuracy).
  • PneumoClassifier achieved 79.80% overall accuracy (122/150 strains), significantly outperforming the clustering approach.
  • FTIR-based methods showed higher concordance with Quellung reaction compared to clustering (adjusted Rand index: 0.717 vs. 0.397).

Conclusions:

  • FTIR spectroscopy, particularly the PneumoClassifier algorithm, is a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective method for S. pneumoniae serotyping.
  • This technique shows promise as a first-line tool for IPD surveillance and vaccine development.
  • FTIR offers a user-friendly and practical alternative to traditional serotyping methods.
Keywords:
FTIRFourier-transform infrared spectroscopyQuellungStreptococcus pneumoniaeartificial intelligenceserotyping

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