A Recent Overview of Molecular Pathways in Synthetic Lethality as a Proposed Valid Target in Oncology: Current
Sangeetha Raja1, Akash Rahangan1, Indumathi Prabath1
1Department of Pharmacology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Mahatma Gandhi Rd, Potheri, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603202 India.
Abstract:
Earlier conducted systematic reviews have focused on the important impact of synthetic lethality (SL) application in managing various types of tumors, classifying SL, methods for assessment, and technological advances in SL inhibitions and examining the preclinical and clinical landscape of SL cancer biology, and neither of those investigations presented the molecular pathway description of the recommended lethal target of SL in cancer. Out of 36 gene expression omnibus (GEO) database sets selected from 343 retrieved (2023 to 2024), 11 were excluded, and 25 were included in the study and presented in the review. Beyond the search, few interesting database sets comprising interesting molecular pathway were included in minority. Molecular pathways pictures of the proposed SL targets for the cancer condition were prepared for lucid understanding of the oncology disease fundamental mechanism behind the SL concept. SL approach benefits have been demonstrated in cancer. Thus, the current exploration suggests that SL approach of molecular investigations should be expanded to include other specialists including cardiovascular and nephrology to fully explore the benefits of society.
Insights
Synthetic lethality (SL) offers a promising approach to cancer treatment by targeting specific molecular pathways. This review details SL molecular targets and suggests expanding its application to other diseases like cardiovascular and kidney conditions.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genomics
Background:
- Previous systematic reviews on synthetic lethality (SL) have focused on its application in cancer management, classification, assessment methods, and technological advancements.
- However, these reviews often lacked detailed molecular pathway descriptions of SL targets in cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive molecular pathway description of synthetic lethality targets in cancer.
- To analyze relevant Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database sets for insights into SL mechanisms.
- To explore the potential expansion of the SL approach to other medical fields.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of published literature and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases (2023-2024).
- Selection and analysis of 25 relevant GEO database sets out of 343 retrieved.
- Preparation of molecular pathway diagrams for proposed SL targets in cancer.
Main Results:
- The study identified and described molecular pathways for proposed synthetic lethality targets in cancer.
- Analysis of selected GEO datasets provided a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind the SL concept.
- The benefits of the SL approach in cancer treatment have been demonstrated.
Conclusions:
- The synthetic lethality approach has demonstrated significant benefits in cancer therapy.
- Expanding molecular investigations using the SL approach to fields such as cardiovascular and nephrology is recommended to fully realize its societal benefits.
Related Concept Videos
02:26Protein Networks
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
02:57Targeted Cancer Therapies
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
02:50Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
01:05Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
01:31The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...