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Proposing a new short screening test for upper limb apraxia.

Mai Yamada1,2, Masahiko Koyanagi1,2, Miyo Kawaguchi2

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

The British Journal of Occupational Therapy
|May 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new Screening Test of Gestures for Stroke reliably assesses upper limb apraxia in stroke patients. This quick bedside evaluation aids in managing apraxia and improving daily activities for stroke survivors.

Keywords:
Apraxiagesturepantomimescreening teststroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Clinical Assessment

Background:

  • Apraxia significantly impacts stroke patients' daily activities and quality of life.
  • Effective assessment and treatment are crucial for managing apraxia.
  • A need exists for a concise evaluation tool for upper limb apraxia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a brief screening test for upper limb apraxia in stroke patients.
  • To provide a reliable and efficient bedside assessment tool.

Main Methods:

  • The Screening Test of Gestures for Stroke was developed with 10 items for verbal instruction and imitation, including meaningless gestures, meaningful gestures, and pantomimes.
  • The test utilizes a 3-point scoring system (10, 5, or 0) with a maximum score of 200.
  • Sixty-five left hemisphere stroke patients and 50 healthy subjects participated in the study.

Main Results:

  • The Screening Test of Gestures for Stroke demonstrated high reliability: intraclass correlation coefficients for intra-rater reliability were 0.93, and for inter-rater reliability, they were 0.97 (verbal instructions) and 0.95 (imitations).
  • Cronbach's alpha coefficient was ≥0.80, indicating good internal consistency.
  • The test completion time averaged 2-5 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • The Screening Test of Gestures for Stroke is a reliable and valid bedside tool for assessing upper limb apraxia.
  • Its short assessment time and lack of special equipment requirements make it practical for clinical use.
  • The test is suitable for evaluating apraxia in stroke patients across acute and chronic phases.