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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Standard Solutions01:14

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Standard solutions refer to solutions with a precisely known concentration or composition. A primary standard is a highly pure, high molar mass, stable substance that is entirely soluble in water, the most commonly used solvent in analytical chemistry. The primary standard solution can be used to standardize secondary standards, which are substances with known concentrations but are less pure and stable. Standard solutions are essential for achieving accurate and reliable results in analytical...
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Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Updated: May 12, 2025

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells
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Foundations of plasma standards.

Luís L Alves1, Markus M Becker2, Jan van Dijk3

  • 1Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

Plasma Sources Science & Technology
|May 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Establishing standards for low-temperature plasmas (LTPs) is crucial for improving communication, reproducibility, and transparency. This paper discusses best practices for measurements, diagnostics, computations, and reporting in the diverse LTP field.

Keywords:
data and reaction mechanismsopen source codesplasma diagnosticsplasma dosestandard plasma sourcesstandards and best practiceverification and validation

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Low-temperature plasmas (LTPs) exhibit significant intellectual diversity and interdisciplinary applications.
  • Varied reporting practices across disciplines challenge communication, comparison, and reproducibility in LTP research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address challenges in LTP research communication, reproducibility, and transparency.
  • To propose standards and best practices for measurements, diagnostics, computations, and reporting in LTPs.
  • To foster a shared set of expectations for advancing the LTP field and its applications.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of current challenges in LTP research.
  • Analysis of existing practices in measurements, diagnostics, computations, and reporting.
  • Proposal of recommended best practices and potential standards for the LTP community.

Main Results:

  • Identified key challenges in inter-laboratory comparisons, model exchange, and experimental/computational reproducibility.
  • Highlighted the need for traceable and transparent methods and data.
  • Acknowledged the importance of reliability metrics and translation of findings to practice.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing standards and best practices can significantly enhance communication, reproducibility, and transparency in the LTP field.
  • These standards should facilitate, not hinder, innovation and the real-time impact of research breakthroughs.
  • A community-wide adoption of shared expectations is vital for the advancement of LTP science and its applications.