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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Adolescence is characterized by increased risk-taking and significant peer influence.
  • Risk-taking behaviors often have social consequences beyond the individual decision-maker.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in risk preferences within peer social contexts.
  • To understand how considering a friend's outcome influences adolescent decision-making in risky situations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computational decision-making task with adolescent and young adult friend dyads (N=128, ages 11-22).
  • Adapted an expected utility model to incorporate friend's outcomes into individual utility calculations.
  • Compared risk preferences with and without friend involvement.

Main Results:

  • Found age-related shifts in risk-taking when choices affected only oneself or a friend, but not both.
  • Early adolescents assigned greater weight to friends' outcomes, sometimes foregoing personal benefits.
  • Active peer observation did not significantly alter age-dependent risky choices.

Conclusions:

  • Early adolescence is a critical period of heightened sensitivity to social contexts that promote costly prosocial behaviors.
  • Decision-making regarding risk evolves with age, influenced by peer considerations and social dynamics.