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An Overview of Referential Process Linguistic Measures in the Italian Language: Common Elements and Innovative
Rachele Mariani1, Michela Di Trani2, Luigi Solano2
1Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology Sapienza, University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, Rome, 00185, Italy. rachele.mariani@uniroma1.it.
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
|May 8, 2025
Summary
Language analysis reveals distinct patterns linked to emotional states and psychological conditions. Referential Process (RP) measures show how language reflects emotional regulation, thought processes, and bodily experiences.
Area of Science:
- Psycholinguistics
- Clinical Psychology
- Affective Science
Background:
- Language is crucial for emotional processing, communication, and self-regulation.
- The Referential Process (RP) framework offers linguistic measures to study these connections.
- Previous research has explored linguistic markers in various psychological contexts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review a decade of Italian research on computerized linguistic measures of the Referential Process (RP).
- To explore the application of RP measures across diverse clinical and non-clinical populations and materials.
- To investigate associations between linguistic measures and psychological constructs.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 22 studies from Italian university research groups (Rome, Bergamo, Padua).
- Application of RP measures to heterogeneous data: clinical transcripts, expressive writing, memories, dreams, therapist notes.
- Examination of correlations between linguistic variables and psychological constructs.
Main Results:
- Identified distinct linguistic characteristics associated with different psychological states.
- Higher use of sensory-somatic words linked to depressive states.
- Increased abstract word use correlated with defensive dimensions.
- RP measures captured affective dysregulation in individuals with high alexithymia, indicating reduced symbolizing and affective capabilities.
Conclusions:
- Confirms a strong association between language use and bodily functioning.
- Highlights the interconnectedness of physical arousal, emotion, thought, and health/pathology.
- Suggests RP measures are valuable tools for understanding emotional and cognitive processes through language.
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