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Is Aneuploidy a Consistent Marker for Malignant Transformation Risk in Oral Lichen Planus?

Aya Pessing-Shabi1,2, Ayelet Zlotogorski-Hurvitz3,4, Noam Yarom5,6

  • 1Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. ayapessi@tauex.tau.ac.il.

Head and Neck Pathology
|May 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Aneuploidy, a marker of chromosomal imbalance, was studied in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients. Despite a high aneuploidy rate, malignant transformation risk was low, suggesting aneuploidy may not be a reliable prognostic tool for OLP.

Keywords:
Aneuploid Cells (ACs)AneuploidyOral Lichen Planus (OLP)Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD)Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)

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Area of Science:

  • Oral pathology
  • Cytogenetics
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Numeric chromosomal imbalance (aneuploidy) is associated with malignant epithelial lesions.
  • Aneuploidy is prevalent in head and neck cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
  • Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are investigated for aneuploidy due to cancer links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess aneuploidy as a prognostic marker for malignant transformation in oral lichen planus (OLP).
  • To evaluate the relationship between chromosomal imbalance and cancer risk in OLP patients.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze centromeric probes for chromosomes 2 and 8.
  • Samples from 245 patients were analyzed, with follow-up data available for 135 cases.

Main Results:

  • Aneuploid cells (ACs) were found in 29.8% of patients; 32.9% of these had ACs in normal-appearing mucosa.
  • Only 0.8% of patients developed OSCC during follow-up.
  • Aneuploidy status showed variability over time, with patients converting between positive and negative results.

Conclusions:

  • A low malignant transformation rate (<1%) was observed in OLP patients, despite a high prevalence of aneuploidy.
  • The dynamic and variable nature of aneuploidy in OLP suggests it may not be a reliable predictor of malignant progression.
  • Further research is needed to understand the role of aneuploidy in OLP and its potential for predicting malignant transformation.